The way we use to live, the etymology of hotel part 2, the PIE root Ghos-ti-

The word study essays that I like to do, are also word study note and some of them I will share with you because I feel it is pretty interesting and so I share.  I don't do a lot of ablibe because I want you to draw your own concluetion from them and I think it would make the essay longer.

PIE root is derive from Proto-Indo-European root is a noun that means the unattested prehistoric parent language of the Indo-European languages; Indo-European.  Lets take a deeper look at this:

Proto- is a combining from meaning "first," "foremost," "earliest from of," used in the formation of compound words (protomartyr; protolithic; protoplasm), specialized in chemical terminology to denote the one containing the minimum amount of an element.  

Proto- before vowels prot-, word-forming elemen meaning "first, source, parent, preceding, earliest form, original, basic, from Greek proto-, from protos "first," from PIE *pre, from root *per-(1) "forward" (hence "before, first").

Indo-European is a noun and it means a large, widespread family of languages, the surviving branches of which include Italic, Slavic, Baltic, Hellenic, Celtic, Germanic, and Indo-Iranian, spoken by about half the word's population:  English, Spanish, German, Latin, Greek, Russian, Albanian, Persian, Hindi, and Hittite are all Indo-European languages.

Root is a noun and it means a part of the body of a plant that develops, typically, from the radicle and grows downward into the soil, anchoring the plant and absorbing nutriment and moisture.

etymology is a noun and it means the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history.

Path words are words that lead to a word some how.  Lets look at the definition of path.  Path is a noun and it means a way beaten, or trodden by the feet of persons or animals.  Now lets look at the definition of word.  Word is a noun and it means a unit of language, consisting of one or more spoken sounds or their written representation, that function as a principal carrier of meaning. Words are composed of one or more morphemes and are either the smallest units susceptible of independent use or consist of two or three such units combined under certain linking conditions, as with the loss of primary accent that distinguishes black-bird- from black-bird- .  Words are usually separated by spaces in writing, and are distinguished phonologically, as by accent, in many languages.  So think of path words along that path.

Ghos-ti- is a Proto-Indo-Enropean root meaning "stranger, guest, host," properly "someone with whom one has reciprocal duties of hospitality," representing "a mutual exchange relationship highly important to ancient Indo-European society" [Watkins].  But as strangers are potential enemies as well as guests, the word has a forked path.

It forms all or part of: Euxine; guest; hospice; hospitable; hospitality; hospodar; host (n. 1.) "person who receives guests;" host (n. 2.) "multitude;" hostage; hostel; hostile; hostility; hostler; hotel; Xenia; xeno-; xenon.

It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: 

Greek xenos "guest, host, strange;" Latin hostis, in ealier use "a stranger," in classical use "an enemy," hospes "host;" Old Church Slavonic gosti "guest, friend," gospodi "lord, master;" Old English gaest, "chance comer, a stranger."

Most of the words in this are path words of hotel, so lets look at Euxine; guest; hospice; host (n. 2.) "multitude; hostage; hostile; hostility; hostler; Xenia; xeno-; xenon.

Euxine is an adjective and it means of or relating to the Black Sea.

Euxine is an archaic name for the Black Sea, from Latin Pontus Euxinus, from Greek Pontos Euxenios, literally "the hospitable sea," a euphemism for Pontos Axeinos, "the inhospitable sea."  From eu- "good, well" (see eu-) + xenos "host; guest; stranger" (from PIE root *ghos-ti- "stranger, guest, host").

According to Room, The Old Persian name for the sea was akhshaema, literally "dark," probably in reference to the sudden, dangerous storms that make the sea perilous to sailors and darken its face (or perhaps in reference to the color of the water, from the sea being deep and relatively lifeless), and the Greeks took this untranslated as Pontos Axeinos, which was interpeted as the similar-sounding Greek word axenos "inhospitable."  Thus the modern English name could reflect the Old Persian one. 

Guest is a noun and it means a person who spends some time at another person's home in some social activity, as a visit, dinner, or party.

Guest is a noun from Old English gaest (Anglian guest) "an accidental guest, a chance comer, a stranger," from Proto-Germanic *gastiz (source also of Old Frisian jest, Dutch gast, German Gast, Gothic gasts "guest," originally "stranger, guest, host" (source also of Latin hostis, in earlier use "a stranger," in classical use "an enemy"); the root sense, according to Watkins, probably is "someone with whom one has reciprocal duties of hospitality.

Spelling evolution influenced by Old Norse cognate gestr (the usual sound changes from the Old English word would have yielded Modern English yest).  Meaning "person entertained for pay" (at an inn, etc.) is from late 13c. Old English also had cuma "stranger, guest," literally "a comer."  Phrase be my guest in the sense of "go right ahead" first recorded 1955.

Guest is a verb and it means to entertain as a guest.

Guest in the early 14c., "receive as a guest;" 1610s, "be a guest;" 1936 American English, "appear as a guest performer," from guest(n.). Related:  Guested; guesting.

Hospice is a noun and it means a house of shelter or rest for pilgrims, strangers, etc., especially one kept by a religious order.

Hospice were around in 1818, "rest house for travelers," especially the houses of refuge and shelter kept by monks in the passes of the Alps, from French hospice "hospital, alms house" (old French ospice "hospice, shelter," also "hospitality," 13c.), from Latin hospitium "hospitable reception, entertainment; hospitality, bonds of hospitality, relationship of guest and host;" also "place of entertainment, lodging, inn, guest-house," from hospes (genitive hospitis) "guest; host," also "a stranger, foreigner."

Sense of "home for the aged and terminally ill" is from 1879; hospice movement first at test 1978.

Hospitable it is a adjective and it means receiving or treating guests or strangers warmly and generously: a hospitable family.

Hospitable mean "Kind and cordial to strangers or guests," 1560s, from Middle French hospitable, which is formed as if from a Medieval Latin hospitabilis, from the stem of Latin hospitari "be a guest," from hospes (genitive hospitis)."  The Latin adjective was hospitalis, but this became a noun in Old French and entered English as hospital.  Related: Hospitably.

Hospitality is a noun and it means the friendly reception and treatment of guests or strangers.  

Hospitality (n.) in the late 14c., "act of being hospitable," from Old French ospitalite "hospitality; hospital," from Latin hospitalitem (nominative hospitalitas) "friendliness to guests," from hospes (genitive hospitis) "guest; host."

Hospodar is a noun and it means a former title of governors or princes of Wallachia and Moldavia.

Hospodar (n.) is a former title of appointed Ottoman governors of Moldavia and Wallachia 1680s, from Old Church Slavonic gospodi "lord, master," literally "lord of strangers," from gosti "guest, friend," from PIE *ghostis- "stranger" (from root *ghos-ti- "stranger, guest, host"), second element from PIE root *poti- "powerful, lord".  Compare host (n.1.).

Host is a noun and it means a master of ceremonies, moderator, or interviewer for a television or radio program.  "a mulititude," especially an army organized for war, mid-13c., from Old French ost, host "army" (10.), from Medieval Latin hostis, in earlier use "a stranger, foreigner," in classical use " an enemy," from PIE root *ghos-ti- "stranger, guest, host."

It replaced Old English here, and in turn has been largely superseded by army.  The generalized meaning of "large number" is first attested 1610s.  The Latin h- was lost in Old French and Middle English spelling, and in modern English also in pronunciation.  Lord of Hosts translate Hebrew Jehovah Ts'baoth (which appears more than 260 times throughout the Bible) and seems to refer to both heavenly (angelic) and earthly hosts.

Harry is a verb (used with object), harried, harrying.  It means to harass, annoy, or prove a nuisance to by or as if by repeated attacks; worry:  He was harried by constant doubts.

Harry(v.) Old English hergian "make war, lay waste, ravage, plunder," the word used in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for what the Vikings did to England, from Proto- Germanic *harjon (source also of Old Frisian urheria " lay waste, ravage, plunder," Old Norse herja "to make a raid, to plunder," Old Saxon and Old High German herion, German verheeren "to destroy, lay waste, devastate"). This is literally "to overrun with an army," from Proto-Germanic *harjaz "an armed force" (source also of Old English here, Old Norse herr " crowd, great number; army, troop," Old Saxon and Old Frisian heri, Dutch heir, Old High German har, Garma Heer, Gothic harjis "a host, army").

The Germanic words come from PIE root *koro- "war" also "war-band, host, army" (source also of Lithuanian karas "war, quarrel,"

Karias "host, army;" Old Church Slavonic kara "strte; " Middle Irish cuire "troop; " Old Perian kara "host, poeple, army;" Greek koiranos "ruler, leader, commander").  Weakened sense of "worry, good, harass" is from c. 1400.  Related: Harried; harrying.

Hostage is a noun and it means a person given or held as security for the fulfillment of certain conditions or terms, promises, etc., by another.  

Hostage (n.) was utter around the late 13c., from Old French ostage, hostage "kindness, hospitality; residence, dwelling; rent tribute; compensation; guarantee, pledge, bail; person given as security or hostage" (11c., Modern French otage), which is of uncertain origin.  Either from hoste "guest" (see host (n. 1.)) via notion of " a lodger held by a landlord as security," from obses "hostage," from ob- "before" + base of sedere "to sit," with spelling influenced by latin hostis [ OED, Century Dictionary].  Modern political/terrorism sense is from 1970.

Hostile is an adjective and it means of, relating to, or characteristic of an enemy:  a  hostile nation.

Hostile (adj.) in late 15c., from Middle French hostile "of or belonging to an enemy" (15c.) or directly from Latin hostilis "of an enemy, belonging to or characteristic of the enemy; inimical," from hostis, in earlier use "a stranger, foreigner," in classical use "an enemy," from PIE root *ghost-ti- "stranger, guest, host."  The noun meaning "hostile person" is recorded from 1838, American English, a word from the Indian wars.  Related: Hostilely.

Hostler is a noun and it means a person who take care of horses, especially at an inn.

Hostler (n.) are formerly also hosteler, late 14c., "one who tends to horses at inn," also, occasionally, "inn keeper," from Anglo-French hostiler, Old French ostelier, hostelier "innkeeper; steward in a monatery" (12c., Modern French hotelier), from Medieval Latin hostilarius "the monk who entertains guests at a monastery," from hospitale "inn."  Compare ostler.

Xenia is a noun and it means the influence or effect of pollen on a structure other than the embryo, as the seed or fruit.

Xenia is a city in Ohio, from Greek xenia "hospitality, rights of a guest, friendly relation with strangers," literally "state of a guest," from xenas "guest" (from PIE root *ghos-ti- "stranger, guest, host").  Founded 1803 and named by vote of a town meeting, on suggestion of the Rev. Robert Armstrong to imply friendliness and hospitality.

Xeno is a word origin word that means a combining form from meaning "alien," "strange," "guest," used in the formation of compound words:  xenogamy, xenolith.

Xeno before vowels, xen-, word- froming element meaning "strange, foreign; stranger, foreigner,' from Greek xenos "a guest, stranger, foreigner, refugee, guest-friend, one entitled to hospitality," cognate with Latin hostis, from PIE root *ghos-ti- "stranger, guest, host."  "The term was politely used of anyone whose name was unknown" [Liddell and Scott].

Xenon is a noun and it means a heavy, colorless, chemically inactive, monatomic gaseous element used for filling radio, television, and luminescent tubes.  Symbol:  Xe; atomic weight:  131.30; atomic number:  54.  

Xenon (n.) is an gaseous element, 1898, from Greek xenon, neuter of xenos "foreign, stranger" (from PIE root *ghos-ti- "stranger, guest, host"); coined by its co-discoverer, Scottish chemist Sir William Ramsay (1852 -1916); compare Krypton.

Information from etymonline.com and dictionary.com.